Search Results for: Schengen

Denmark

A PDF of this resource can be accessed here. Recent history For much of the post-war period, Danish politics was dominated by the Social Democratic Party. However, between 2001 and 2011 a centre-right government was in power, which took a much stronger line on policies such as immigration. Nevertheless, the Social Democratic Party regained prominence… [Read More]

The Netherlands

A PDF of this resource can be accessed here. Recent history The Netherlands shares many elements of common history with Belgium and Luxembourg, having experienced repeated periods of cross-border conflict, co-operation and shared government during their history. The most modern example of this is the Benelux Economic Union, founded in 1958, which has acted alongside… [Read More]

Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Albania

A PDF of this resource can be accessed here. Recent History Croatia and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) were both (along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro) formed as a result of the break-up of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. This break-up sparked several wars across the Balkan region. Croatia became involved in… [Read More]

Romania and Bulgaria

A PDF of this resource can be accessed here. Recent History Communist rule in Romania ended on Christmas Day 1989 with the execution of dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu. Earlier in the same year, Bulgaria’s Communist leader, Todor Zhivkov left office. The events triggered the beginnings of democratic reform and in 1991 both countries adopted new constitutions… [Read More]

Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia

A PDF of this resource can be accessed here. Recent History Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are known as the Baltic States because of their position bordering the Baltic Sea. After the end of the World War II, they were under Soviet control until they regained their independence in 1991. After this date, Lithuania, Latvia and… [Read More]

Cyprus and Malta

A PDF of this resource can be accessed here. Recent history Both countries are former British colonies. With the dismantling of the British Empire following World War II, Cyprus and Malta were granted independence, in 1960 and 1964 respectively. Cyprus became a republic, while Malta kept the Queen as Head of State until 1974. Both… [Read More]

Czech Republic (Ceská republika)

A PDF of this resource can be accessed here. Recent History During the Cold War, Czechoslovakia was under communist rule and was an ally of the USSR through the Warsaw Pact. Soon after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the people of Czechoslovakia overthrew their communist government in what was dubbed the ‘Velvet Revolution’ in… [Read More]

Hungary (Magyarország)

A PDF of this resource can be accessed here. Recent history Communist rule in Hungary ended in 1989 when the Hungarian Communist Party voluntarily gave up power under pressure for political reform. Under communist rule Hungary had been the first Eastern European country to gain some economic freedoms. The Third Hungarian Republic was declared on… [Read More]

Poland

A PDF of this resource can be accessed here. Recent History At the end of World War II, a Communist government was established in Poland within the Soviet area of influence known as the Warsaw Pact. When Communism collapsed in the late 1980s, the Polish people rejected the authoritarian regime and elected a democratic government… [Read More]

Austria, Finland & Sweden

A PDF of this resource can be accessed here. Recent History In the decades following World War II all three countries prospered and developed into significant trading partners through the European Free Trade Area (EFTA). The three states left this organisation when they joined the EU. Left-of-centre social democratic parties were the dominant political force… [Read More]